Error Handling & System Limits

To guarantee fast startup, predictable memory usage on mobile browsers, and a compact footprint (~19 KB gzipped / ~51 KB raw Wasm core), WebDB enforces clear boundaries and throws strongly-typed error classes that you can catch in your application code.

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1. Practical System Limits

Area	Limit	Notes & How to Handle
Maximum Row Size	2,048 bytes (2 KB)	Serialized size of a single row (columns + strings/blobs) cannot exceed 2 KB. Store large files/images in OPFS/Blob storage and save their URL or file key in WebDB.
Identifier Length	64 characters	Maximum length for table names, column names, and index names (matches PostgreSQL & MySQL).
Tables per Database	Unlimited (16 on Page 1 + 31/overflow page)	Page 1 stores 16 tables; additional tables chain automatically via NEXT_CATALOG_PAGE_ID overflow catalog pages.
Columns per Table	256 columns	Supports 1 to 256 columns per table.
Secondary Indexes	Unlimited (8 on Page 1 + 31/overflow page)	Primary key indexes are embedded in TableDescriptor; secondary indexes store 8 on Page 1 and chain via NEXT_INDEX_CATALOG_PAGE_ID (up to 8 columns per index).
ORDER BY Columns	8 columns	Maximum columns in a multi-column .orderBy() clause.
GROUP BY Columns	8 columns	Maximum columns in a multi-column .groupBy() clause.
Where IN List Size	10,000 values	Maximum array length or subquery result set passed to .whereIn() or .whereNotIn().
Subquery Nesting Depth	7 levels	Maximum nesting depth for subqueries in from(), where(), having(), and select().
Joined Tables per Query	16 cursors	Supports up to 16 concurrent table/index cursors in a single query.
Query Memory Ceiling	16 MB (default)	Used for unindexed ORDER BY sorts and GROUP BY hash tables. Increase via WebDB.open({ maxQueryMemory: 64 * 1024 * 1024 }) if needed.
Idle Transaction Timeout	30 seconds	Open transactions that remain idle for 30s automatically roll back so they cannot deadlock other tabs.

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2. Typed Error Classes

All custom error classes are exported directly from @ahmadmoussawi/webdb so you can check them using instanceof:

import {
  UniqueConstraintViolationError,
  NotNullConstraintError,
  RowSizeLimitExceededError,
  TableNotFoundError,
} from "@ahmadmoussawi/webdb";

try {
  await db.insert("users", {
    id: existingUserId,
    email: "duplicate@example.com",
  });
} catch (err) {
  if (err instanceof UniqueConstraintViolationError) {
    alert("An account with this ID or email already exists.");
  } else if (err instanceof NotNullConstraintError) {
    alert("Please fill in all required fields.");
  } else if (err instanceof RowSizeLimitExceededError) {
    alert("Profile text is too long (maximum 2 KB per record).");
  } else {
    throw err;
  }
}

Complete Error Reference

Error Class	When It Is Thrown
UniqueConstraintViolationError	Inserting or updating a duplicate value on a primaryKey: true column or { unique: true } index.
NotNullConstraintError	Inserting null/undefined into a notNull: true column, or calling addColumn with notNull: true on a populated table without a defaultValue.
RowSizeLimitExceededError	Inserting or updating a row whose serialized binary size exceeds 2,048 bytes.
TableNotFoundError	Querying, mutating, or inspecting a table name that does not exist.
TableAlreadyExistsError	Calling createTable() or renameTable() with a name that already exists.
ColumnNotFoundError	Referencing a non-existent column in renameColumn, dropColumn, createIndex, or queries.
ColumnAlreadyExistsError	Defining duplicate column names in createTable, addColumn, or renameColumn.
CannotDropColumnError	Attempting to drop a PRIMARY KEY column or the only remaining column of a table.
IndexNotFoundError	Calling dropIndex() with an index name that does not exist.
IndexAlreadyExistsError	Calling createIndex() with a name that already exists.
IdentifierTooLongError	Providing a table, column, or index name longer than 64 characters.
TooManyTablesError	Creating more than 16 tables.
TooManyColumnsError	Creating or altering a table to have more than 256 columns.
TooManyIndexesError	Creating more than 8 indexes on Page 1.
TooManyOrderByColumnsError	Ordering by more than 8 columns.
TooManyGroupByColumnsError	Grouping by more than 8 columns.
TooManyCursorsError	Compiling a query that requires more than 16 cursors (e.g. >16 joined tables).
TooManyRegistersError	Compiling an expression tree that exceeds 64 VM registers.
SubqueryNestingTooDeepError	Nesting subqueries beyond the maximum depth of 7 levels.
AggregateNotAllowedInWhereError	Using count(), sum(), avg(), min(), or max() inside .where() instead of .having().
UnknownFunctionError	Calling a function name in an expression that is neither built-in nor registered via db.registerFunction().
QueryArenaExhaustedError	An unindexed sort or hash aggregation exceeded maxQueryMemory (increase maxQueryMemory in WebDB.open() or add an index).
QueryTimeoutError	A query exceeded the VM instruction cycle safety limit.
InvalidDatabaseError	Passing a malformed or truncated buffer to db.importBinary().
CorruptPageError	A database page failed IEEE 802.3 CRC32 checksum verification on read or importBinary().
CorruptWalHeaderError / CorruptWalFrameError	Corrupted WAL data encountered when validating WAL frames.